Human Relations and Life Transitions †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Human Relations and Life Transitions. Answer: Introduction: This essay demonstrates important aspects of cognitive and social development occurring in children aged between 2-5 years and factors that influence their development based upon the case study. The cognitive development in a child of the age 2-5 years takes place when he or she strides to think and reason and during this age group, they learn to count, identify colors and read letters. Cognitive development in the life of a child who is aged between 2-5 years occurs in a way where they begin to think, learn and develop problem-solving skills. Children belonging to this age group try hard to learn and improve their skills. They try their best to observe and interact with people around them (Newman, 2017). They are efficient in processing, storing, and using the information. During the early childhood phase, children aged between 2-5 years undergo physical, cognitive, emotional and social development. They try to copy other adults and children by repeating words they hear in conversat ion (Rochat, 2014). Social development plays an important role in the normal growth and development in children in this age group of 2-5 years. It is a process through which child improves his interaction with other children and adults those who are around them (Siegler, 2016). In this age group, social development takes place in a manner where they gradually learn to manage feelings and understand the meaning of friends. Social development can be defined as how a child has developed relationships with others such as parents and friends. It begins in children at the age of two years and the parents play an important role in the social development in children. Developmental milestones in preschooler takes place where they learn to control their emotions and play with others. They learn through play while interacting and sharing with others. They can help their child in developing and strengthening language skills by several practice sessions, developing self-esteem and having a positive attitude in life (Campbell, Conti, Heckman, Moon, Pinto, Pan, 2013). Parents should understand and analyze the progress of development in their children. Parents should encourage their children to promote their social health that would help in improving their trust and confidence in them. As mentioned in the case study, Jack; mother, Vanessa should read stories along with him to improve his language skills and spend more time with him in playing and visiting the park. Various factors play significant role in the cognitive and social development belonging to the age group of children of 2-5 years. Children at this age try their best to observe and interact with people around them. They are efficient in processing, and using the information. A child in this age strengthens his or her learning skills and is able to think in a proper manner and manage their feelings. There are several growth and development theories such as Piaget theory of Cognitive development focuses on the fact that interaction with the environment plays a significant role in the development of human beings. Piagets theory has made a significant contribution in understanding the intellectual level and cognitive development in children (Gottfried, 2013). In the given case study, Jacks mother stated that he speaks less and blabber most of the time while he tries to communicate with others. The main reason for this developmental issue is lack of quality time between mother and son. As Jacks mother is working, she is unable to interact with him and guide his language learning. As a child, they infer the intent of communication of others. Another factor that influences cognitive development is an enriching language-learning environment. As Jacks mother stays most of the time at work, she is unable to interact with her child and provide him an interacting environment for the proper cognitive development. His mother should make sure to provide a language-enriching environment that develops his language and speech. For this, the mother should consult the nurse conveying the same and she should s pend as much time as possible for the proper development of Jack. Erik Erikson proposed a psychoanalytic theory of psychosocial development that comprises eight stages starting from infancy to adulthood (Meyers, 2015). According to this theory, an individual experiences psychosocial crisis that might inculcate positive or negative experiences for the personality development. Among the stages, the most important stage that is relevant to the give case scenario is the autonomy versus shame and doubt in two to three year olds. A child starts to develop physically and mentally and start becoming independent. They start playing with toys and make choices in what to eat, wear and love their favorite person. At this stage, parents should encourage their children to tolerate failures and explore their abilities in doing things. Parents should not do everything for their children as well as should not criticize them for their mistakes and failures. In this way, they become independent, confi dent to survive and feel secured. In the given case study, Jacks mother is concerned about his toileting habits, as she has no idea how to inculcate this habit in him. During this critical developmental stage, she is away from his son that is affecting his psychosocial development. Therefore, Jacks mother should guide him properly so that he responds to the toileting sensation. Therefore, she should consult the nurse and plan educational class where she would learn to make Jack more responsive. Understanding of cognitive and social development of Jack (2-5 years) is important for nurses to gain knowledge and understand the main features of child developmental psychology. The nursing professionals should manage children with patience and proper care. They should assist them when they are in need so that they can share their feelings (Wilson, 2014). Healthcare professionals and the nursing staff providing care to the children should have a responsible attitude towards them. They should help who have learning issues and are not trained well as compared to the other children of their age. They should provide counseling to the parents and family members of the child that every child is unique. They should also make sure that they understand well with a patient attitude. This will help in improving psychosocial health of the family members of the children and help them in getting well soon in less amount of time. Strategies are required so that parents can facilitate the function al wellness of children and take care of their mental and physical health, social interaction and day care. (Ball Cowen, 2013). There should be proper communication among the children and the nurses. The parents of children belonging to this age group should be handled with patience. They should be provided adequate training in which will help in proper growth and development. As a nurse, they know that children are not comparable to the adults as their mind and body development occur in different ways. In the given case study, it has been witnessed that Jack has major issues in the cognitive and social development with poor toileting habits that has made his mother anxious. Therefore, consulting a nurse would be helpful as they have the ability to understand child and parent psychology and in restructuring, the environment so that there is proper meeting of the developmental milestones required at Jacks age. 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Continuity and change in the field of cognitive development and in the perspectives of one cognitive developmentalist.Child Development Perspectives,vol: 10(2), pp-128-133. Doi: 10.1111/cdep.12173